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The oxidized vitamin E is then reduced by vitamin C in a non-enzymatic but rapid reaction

Several reports revealed that synovial macrophage pyroptosis promotes OA inflammation in chondrocytes through cytokine secretion (e.g., IL-1, IL-18), EV release with bioactive molecules, and direct chondrocyte death induction, leading to cartilage damage and OA progression[39], [40], [41]

In its active form (quinol), coenzyme Q10 can scavenge several ROS or regenerate other oxidized antioxidants (including vitamins C and E)

Ibrahim AS

Cantos, E., Tudela, J

There are other Phase 2 enzymes and proteins that perform similar functions, but without glutathione, these other enzymes couldnt adequately function