Does David feel - and should he feel - guilt for his fathers actions
In turn, this may contribute to the development of depression by increasing oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cell death in the body ( A 2020 study with 132 children and teens, 89 with and 43 without depression, found that the participants with depression had lower B12 levels and higher levels of homocysteine compared with those without depression ( In addition to depressive symptoms, low or deficient B12 levels may lead to other mental conditions, including psychosis and mood disorders ( Because a deficiency in B12 negatively impacts the central nervous system, people with low or deficient B12 levels may feel foggy-headed and have difficulty concentrating and completing tasks ( Fortunately, studies show that mental impairment related to low B12 levels can improve with B12 treatment
Physical activities, psychological disturbances, metabolic changes, emotional stress, trauma, emotion, surrounding environment and genetic off spring may contribute in early ageing [41-43]
Noise Health 16 (70), 166176 (2014) T.G
3.4.4.2 Prebiotics In a male rat model of PTSD-like symptoms induced via amygdala hyperactivation (a key pathophysiological mechanism of PTSD)3 weeks of treatment with the prebiotic GOS restored microbial homeostasis by enriching beneficial Bifidobacterium animalis and Limosilactobacillus reuteri , while eliminating harmful Enterococcus casseliflavus (Ruciski et al., 2025)
the brain itself is also a target of stress-related hormones (McEwen, 2013)