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Low glutathione is a contributing factor in the development of chronic diseases associated with excess oxidative stress

Mitochondria contain 1015% of the intracellular GSH reaching a concentration of 1012 mM (54) while in the cytosol the concentration is 7 mM (54, 56)

PMID: 37198319 Cell Rep A neuron subtype-specific role of MEK-ERK signaling in axon survival via transcriptional regulation of Nmnat2

Espinosa et al

L-Glutathione (250 mg): The bodys most powerful antioxidant, glutathione supports cellular detoxification, oxidative balance, and neurological recovery during sleep

ROS can affect mitochondrial DNA which can cause modulations in the synthesis of METC components like adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production as well as the leakage of ROS into the cells cytoplasm ( Although the precise mechanism corresponding to ROS generation related to PD is still unknown, in this review, we summarize the major sources of oxidative stress generated by the DA neurons, like DA metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation ( Figure 1 )