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p 18 years of age) with CD followed at the University of Chicago between 2002 and 2015 [73]

R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna

For patients with confirmed deficiencies, absorption issues, or conditions that interfere with oral absorption, injections are consistently more effective

Vitamin B12 is involved with the generation of energy, production of red blood cells, and support of healthy nerve functioning

It supports metabolism by helping convert food into energy

By methylating and removing nicotinamide, NNMT effectively drains NAD+ precursor availability, leading to reduced intracellular NAD+ levels