Ishida et al
discovered that the administration of Ginkgo biloba polysaccharides (GBP, 300 mg/kg) for consecutive 28 days effectively mitigated the antidepressant effects induced by chronic stress in mice, while also exerting antidepressant effects through rectifying dysregulated gut homeostasis, elevating brain levels of 5-HT and DA, and enhancing the abundance of Lactobacillus in the intestine ( Cistanche polysaccharides effectively mitigated the inflammatory response in the colon and ameliorated gut barrier disruption by modulating the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in rats subjected to chronic unpredictable stress, indicating that the antidepressant effect of Cistanche polysaccharides is also associated with their regulation on gut microbiota ( Polygonum sibiricum exhibited the ability to suppress depression-like behavior in perimenopausal mice induced by ovariectomy plus chronic mild stress (Zhang et al., 2022)
Blood 117 , e57e66 (2011)
Lifestyle modification Lifestyle factors such as smoking, drinking alcohol, eating a proper or improper diet, exercising, and being untrained all contribute to OS (95)
Nasal administration technique Using PT-141 nasal spray: Blow nose gently (clear passages) Prime pump (1-2 test sprays into air) Tilt head slightly forward (not back) Insert nozzle into nostril (don't deep) Spray while breathing in gently 2-3 sprays per nostril typically Alternate nostrils Avoid sniffing hard (keeps in nasal tissue) Wait 2-3 minutes between sprays Absorption through nasal mucosa: PT-141 absorbed across nasal lining Enters bloodstream directly Bypasses stomach/liver (like injection) But: Lower bioavailability (~30%) Hence need 2-3x higher dose Nasal spray pros/cons: When to choose nasal: Needle phobic Value convenience highly Don't mind using 2-3x more peptide Want slightly faster onset Traveling (easier to transport) When to choose injection: Want cost efficiency Comfortable with injections Prefer guaranteed absorption Limited PT-141 supply Already using other injectable peptides Managing PT-141 side effects Minimizing nausea and other reactions
doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.03.019 36 CastelliSCarinciEBaldelliS
