This study provides experimental evidence for the link between oxidative and autoimmune pathways, taking into account the different intracellular compartments and processes
12 Now we recognize that ROS can be generated through mechanisms such as the mitochondrial electron transport chain, the endoplasmic reticulum, and NOX
Interestingly, the researchers found that lymphocytes in these patients had elevated levels of glutathione, which they hypothesize is a desperate, inadequate compensatory response by the cells trying to survive the relentless oxidative avalanche
showed that the accumulation of succinate, that is oxidized by complex II (succinate dehydrogenase), results in mtROS production, seemingly from RET at complex I ( 2.2.2 Monoamine Oxidases A relevant mitochondrial-specific source of ROS is monoamine oxidase (MAO), although its impact on inflammation has been quite overlooked
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One approach in creating a mitochondria-targeted AT is to bind an antioxidant molecule (e.g., SOD, thiol, vitamin E, BHT, ebselen, CoQ, or various spin traps, such as TEMPO) with a hydrocarbon chain of varying length to the phosphorus of the lipophilic compound triphenylphosphonium (TPP) such as mitoquinol (MitoQ 10