glutathione and breat cancer cells Catabolism of extracellular supplies cysteine to support tumours glutathione breast cancer cell growth

Biological compounds can be classified into different categories based on their chemical composition, containing polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, etc., all of which have an undeniable ability to induce ferroptosis in tumors

Specifically, it upregulates specific microRNAs (miRNAs) to silence the expression of two critical molecules: miR-155, miR-181b, and miR-361 target Aicda, whereas miR-23b, miR-30a, and miR-125b target Prdm1 (encoding B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1, Blimp-1)

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Studies reveal that increased polyol pathway flux disrupts glycolysis in diabetic hearts, primarily due to competition between SDH and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) for the cytosolic NAD + pool [19]

These ions subsequently interact with membrane phospholipids and proteins, enhancing permeability and triggering localized membrane disruption and cytoplasmic leakage (Ren et al., 2025)

It thus involves well-regulated mechanisms mainly executed by macrophages in the whole body [222]